Let’s play ‘Have you ever’

Heymsfield, S.B. et al. ‘Why do obese patients not lose more weight when treated with low-calorie diets? Amechanistic perspective’ Am J Clin Nutr, 2007, 1 Feb; vol. 85, no 2, pp. 346–354.

Keys, A. et al. The Biology of Human Starvation. University of Minnesota Press. 1950, Dec.

Moreira, E.A.M. et al. ‘Dietary Adherence to Long-Term Controlled Feeding in a Calorie-Restriction Study in Overweight Men and Women’ Nutr Clin Pract, 2011, Jun; vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 309–315.

Chapter 1

Anson, R.M. et al. ‘Intermittent fasting dissociates beneficial effects of dietary restriction on glucose metabolism and neuronal resistance to injury from calorie intake’ Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2003, 13 May; vol. 100, no. 10, pp. 6216–6220.

Anton, S. Leeuwenburgh, C. ‘Fasting or caloric restriction for Healthy Aging’ Exp Gerontol, 2013, Oct; vol. 48, no. 10, pp. 1003–1005.

Autry, A.E. Monteggia, L.M. ‘Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Neuropsychiatric Disorders’ Pharmacol Rev, 2012, Apr; vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 238–258.

Azevedo, F.R. et al. ‘Effects of intermittent fasting on metabolism in men’ Rev Assoc Med Bras, 2013, Mar-Apr; vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 167–73.

Barnosky, A. et al. ‘Effect of alternate day fasting on markers of bone metabolism: An exploratory analysis of a 6-month randomized controlled trial’ Nutr Healthy Aging, 2017; vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 255–263.

Bhutani, S. et al. ‘Alternate day fasting and endurance exercise combine to reduce body weight and favorably alter plasma lipids in obese humans’ Obesity (Silver Spring), 2013, Jul; vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 1370–1379.

Brandhorst, S. et al. ‘A Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi-System Regeneration, Enhanced Cognitive Performance, and Healthspan’ Cell Metab, 2015, 7 Jul; vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 86–99.

Bruce-Keller, A.J. et al. ‘Food restriction reduces brain damage and improves behavioral outcome following excitotoxic and metabolic insults’ Ann Neurol, 2001, 31 May; vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 8–15.

Byrne, N.M. et al. ‘Intermittent energy restriction improves weight loss efficiency in obese men: the MATADOR study’ Int J Obes (Lond), 2018 Feb; vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 129–138.

Cameron, J.D. et al. ‘Fasting for 24 h improves nasal chemosensory performance and food palatability in a related manner’ Appetite, 2012, Jun; vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 978–981.

Changhan, D.L. et al. ‘Fasting vs dietary restriction in cellular protection and cancer treatment: From model organisms to patients. Oncogene, 2011, Apr; vol 30, no. 30, pp. 3305–3316.

Cheng, C.W. et al. ‘Fasting-Mimicking Diet Promotes Ngn3-Driven β-Cell Regeneration to Reverse Diabetes’ Cell, 2017, 23 Feb; vol. 168, no. 5, pp. 775–788.

Frankot, M. Treesukosol, Y. ‘Alternate day fasting decreases preference for a calorically dense diet by increasing chow intake and altering meal pattern parameters’ Physiol Behav, 2019, 15 Mar; vol. 201, pp. 12–21.

Gabel, K. et al. ‘Effects of 8-hour time restricted feeding on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors in obese adults: A pilot study’ Nutr Healthy Aging, 2018, 15 Jun; vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 345–353.

Harvie, M.N. et al. ‘The effects of intermittent or continuous energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic disease risk markers: a randomised trial in young overweight women’ Int J Obes (Lond), 2011, May 11; vol. 35, pp. 714–727.

Ho, K.Y. et al. ‘Fasting enhances growth hormone secretion and amplifies the complex rhythms of growth hormone secretion in man’ J Clin Invest, 1988, Apr; vol 81, no. 4, pp. 968–975.

Hoddy, K.K. et al. ‘Meal timing during alternate day fasting: Impact on body weight and cardiovascular disease risk in obese adults’ Obesity (Silver Spring), 2014, Dec; vol 22, no. 12, pp. 2514–2531.

Klempel, M.C. et al. ‘Alternate day fasting (ADF) with a high-fat diet produces similar weight loss and cardio-protection as ADF with a low-fat diet’ Metabolism, 2013, Jan; vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 137–143.

Klempel, M.C. et al. ‘Dietary and physical activity adaptations to alternate day modified fasting: implications for optimal weight loss’ Nutr J, 2010, 3 Sep.

Longo, V.D, Mattson, M.P. ‘Fasting: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications’ Cell Metab, 2014, 4 Feb; vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 181–192.

Longo, V.D. Panda, S. ‘Fasting, Circadian Rhythms, and Time-Restricted Feeding in Healthy Lifespan.’ Cell Metab, 2016, 14 Jun; vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 1048–1059.

Major, G.C. et al. ‘Multivitamin and dietary supplements, body weight and appetite: results from a cross-sectional and a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study’ Br J Nutr, 2008, May; vol. 99, no. 5, pp. 1157–1167.

Marosi, K. Mattson, M.P. ‘BDNF Mediates Adaptive Brain and Body Responses to Energetic Challenges’ Trends Endocrinol Metab, 2014, Feb; vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 89–98.

Martin, B. et al. ‘Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting: Two potential diets for successful brain aging’ Ageing Res Rev, 2006, 8 Aug; vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 332–353.

Maughan, R.J. et al. ‘The effects of fasting on metabolism and performance’ Br J Sports Med, 2010 Jun; vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 490–4.

Moreira, E.A.M. et al. op. cit.

Phillips, C. ‘Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Depression, and Physical Activity: Making the Neuroplastic Connection’ Neural Plast, 2017, 8 Aug; vol. 2017, Article ID. 7260130.

Rubinsztein, D.C. et al. ‘Autophagy modulation as a potential therapeutic target for diverse diseases’ Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2012, Sep; vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 709–730.

Scheen, A.J. ‘The future of obesity: new drugs versus lifestyle interventions’ Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2008, 6 Mar; vol. 17, no.3, pp. 263–267.

Sugarman, J. ‘Are there any proven benefits to fasting?’ Johns Hopkins Health Rev, 2016, SS; vol. 3, no. 1: https://www.johnshopkinshealthreview.com/issues/spring-summer-2016/articles/are-there-any-proven-benefits-to-fasting

Tremblay, A. Bellisle, F. ‘Nutrients, satiety, and control of energy intake’ Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 2015, 13 May; vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 971–979.

Trepanowski, J.F. et al. ‘Effect of Alternate-Day Fasting on Weight Loss, Weight Maintenance, and Cardioprotection Among Metabolically Healthy Obese Adults’ JAMA Intern Med, 2017, Jul; vol. 177, no. 7, pp. 930–938.

Varady, K.A. ‘Intermittent versus daily calorie restriction: which diet regimen is more effective for weight loss?’ Obes Rev, 2011, Jul; vol 12, no. 7, pp. e593–601.

Varady, K.A. et al. ‘Short-term modified alternate-day fasting: a novel dietary strategy for weight loss and cardioprotection in obese adults’ Am J Clin Nutr, 2009, 1 Nov; vol. 90, no. 5, pp. 1138–1143.

Velloso, C.P. ‘Regulation of muscle mass by growth hormone and IGF-1’ Br J Pharmocol, 2008, Jun; vol. 154, no. 3, pp. 557–568.

Weir, H.J. et al. ‘Dietary Restriction and AMPK Increase Lifespan via Mitochondrial Network and Peroxisome Remodeling’ Cell Metab, 2017, 5 Dec; vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 884–896.

Chapter 2

Clark, B.C. et al. ‘The power of the mind: the cortex as a critical determinant of muscle strength/weakness’ Journal of Neurophysiology, 15 Dec, 2014; vol. 112, pp. 3219–3226.

Clark, L.V. ‘Effect of mental practice on the development of a certain motor skill’ Research Quarterly of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, & Recreation, 1960, vol. 31, pp. 560–569.

Czeglédi, E. ‘Motivation for weight loss among weight loss treatment participants’ Orv Hetil, 2017, Dec; vol. 158, no. 49, pp. 1960–1967.

Kelley, N.J. ‘Finley, A.J. & Schmeichel, B.J. After-effects of self-control: The reward-responsivity hypothesis’ Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci, 2019, 15 June; vol. 19, pp. 600–618.

Kim, G. et al. ‘Goal-directed program after sleeve gastrectomy improves weight loss’ Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2016, Mar-Apr; vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 518–521.

O’Hara, B.J. et al. ‘Weight-Related Goal Setting in a Telephone-Based Preventive Health-Coaching Program: Demonstration of Effectiveness’ Am J Health Promot, 2017, Nov; vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 491–501.

Ranganathan, V.K. et al. ‘From mental power to muscle power–gaining strength by using the mind’ Neuropsychologia, 2004; vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 944–56.

Chapter 3

Adlouni, A. et al. ‘Fasting during Ramadan induces a marked increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol’ Ann Nutr Metab, 1997; vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 242–249.

Aragon, A.A. et al. ‘International society of sports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition’ J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 2017, Jun; vol. 14, no. 16.

Dhurandhar, E.J. et al. ‘The effectiveness of breakfast recommendations on weight loss: a randomized controlled trial’ Am J Clin Nutr, 2014, Aug; vol 100, no. 2, pp. 507–513.

Levitsky, D.A. Pacanowski, C.R. ‘Effect of skipping breakfast on subsequent energy intake’ Physiol Behav, 2013, 2 Jul; vol. 119, pp. 9–16.

Munsters, M.J. Saris, W.H. ‘Effects of meal frequency on metabolic profiles and substrate partitioning in lean healthy males’ PLoS One, 2012, 13 Jun; vol. 7, no. 6, article ID. e38632.

Rothschild, J. et al. ‘Time-restricted feeding and risk of metabolic disease: a review of human and animal studies’ Nutr Rev, 2014; vol. 72, no. 5, pp. 308–318.

Sievert, K. et al. ‘Effect of breakfast on weight and energy intake: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials’ BMJ, 2019, 30 Jan; vol. 364, no. 142.

Taylor, M.A. Garrow, J.S. ‘Compared with nibbling, neither gorging nor a morning fast affect short-term energy balance in obese patients in a chamber calorimeter’ Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 2001, Apr; vol 25, no. 4, pp. 519–528.

Temizhan, A. et al. ‘The effects of Ramadan fasting on blood lipid levels’ Am J Med, 2000; vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 341–342.

Tinsley GM, Forsse JS, Butler NK, et al. ‘Time-restricted feeding in young men performing resistance training: A randomized controlled trial’ Eur J Sport Sci, 2017; vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 200–207.

Chapter 4

Rexford, S.A. Antwi, D.A. ‘Brain Regulation of Appetite and Satiety’ Endocrin Metab Clin North Am, 2008, Dec; vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 811–823.

Chapter 5

Ahmed, S.H. et al. ‘Sugar addiction: pushing the drug-sugar analogy to the limit’ Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 2013, Jul; vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 434–439.

Aksu, A.E. et al. ‘Acne: prevalence and relationship with dietary habits in Eskisehir, Turkey’ J Aur Acad Dematol Venereaol, 2012, Dec; vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 1503–1509.

Amato, M.C. et al. ‘Body composition assessment for the definition of cardiometabolic risk’ J Endocrinol Invest, 2013, Jul-Aug; vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 537–543.

Avena, N.M. et al. ‘Evidence for sugar addiction: behavioral and neurochemical effects of intermittent, excessive sugar intake’ Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 2008; vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 20–39.

De Pergola, G. Silvestris, F. ‘Obesity as a Major Risk Factor for Cancer’ J Obes, 2013, vol. 2013, pp. 11.

DiNicolantonio, J.J. et al. ‘Sugar addiction: is it real? A narrative review’ Br J Sports Med, 2018, Jul; vol. 52, no. 14, pp. 910–913.

DiNicolantonio, J.J. et al. ‘The Evidence for Saturated Fat and for Sugar Related to Coronary Heart Disease’ Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 2016, Mar–Apr; vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 464–472.

Jastreboff, A.M. et al. ‘Altered Brain Response to Drinking Glucose and Fructose in Obese Adolescents’ Diabetes, 2016, Jul; vol. 65, no. 7, pp. 1929–1939.

Luo, S. et al. ‘Differential effects of fructose versus glucose on brain and appetitive responses to food cues and decisions for food rewards’ Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2015, 19 May; vol. 112, no. 20, pp. 6509–6514.

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Vasselli, J.R. et al. ‘Dietary components in the development of leptin resistance’ Adv Nutr, 2013, 1 May; vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 164–175.

Wiss D.A. et al. ‘Sugar Addiction: From Evolution to Revolution’ Front Psychiatry, 2018, vol. 9, no. 545.

Yanling, W. et al. ‘Risk Factors Contributing to Type 2 Diabetes and Recent Advances in the Treatment and Prevention’ Int J Med Sci, 2014, 6 Sep; vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 1185–1200.

Chapter 6

Amin, A. et al. ‘Gratitude & self-esteem among college students’ Journal of Psychology & Clinical Psychiatry, 2018, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 335–339.

Bono, G. et al. ‘Gratitude in Practice and the Practice of Gratitude’ Positive Psychology in Practice, 2012, Sep.

de Souza, M. et al. ‘Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review’ CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets, 2015, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 1184–1193.

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Dickens, L.R. ‘Using Gratitude to Promote Positive Change: A Series of Meta-Analyses Investigating the Effectiveness of Gratitude Interventions’ Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 2017, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 193–208.

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Grossardt, B.R. et al. ‘Pessimistic, anxious, and depressive personality traits predict all-cause mortality: the Mayo Clinic cohort study of personality and aging’ Psychosom Med, 2009, vol. 71, no. 5, pp. 491–500.

Hernandez, R. et al. ‘Optimism and cardiovascular health: multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)’ Health Behav, Policy Rev; 2016, 1 Jan; vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 62–73.

Hill, P.L. et al. ‘Examining the Pathways between Gratitude and Self-Rated Physical Health across Adulthood’ Pers Individ Dif, 2013, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 92–96.

Institute, Heart and Stroke ‘How optimism benefits your health’ 2020, 5 Mar.

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Kim, E.S. et al. ‘Optimism and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study’ American Journal of Epidemiology, 2017, 1 Jan; vol. 185, no. 1, pp. 21–29.

Krysinska, K. et al. ‘Trait Gratitude and Suicidal Ideation and Behavior’ Crisis. 2015, vol. 36, no. 4, 291–296.

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Lin, C. ‘The Effect of Higher-Order Gratitude on Mental Well-Being: Beyond Personality and Unifactoral Gratitude’ Current Psychology, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 127–135.

Rash, J.A. et al. ‘Gratitude and Well-Being: Who Benefits the Most from a Gratitude Intervention?’ Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 350–369.

Reynolds, G. ‘How exercise can calm anxiety’ The New York Times, 2013, July 3.

Rozanski, A. et al. ‘Association of Optimism With Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis’ JAMA Netw Open. 2019, vol. 2, no. 9. e1912200.

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Tsang, J. et al. ‘Why Are Materialists Less Happy? The Role of Gratitude and Need Satisfaction in the Relationship between Materialism and Life Satisfaction’ Personality and Individual Differences. 2014, vol. 64, pp. 62–66.

FAQs

Ganio, M.S. et al. ‘Mild dehydration impairs cognitive performance and mood of men’ 2011, 28 Nov; vol. 106, no. 10, pp. 1535–1543. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511002005

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